fringe

The fringe of something refers to its edge or outer part - think of the frayed edge of fabric, or the outskirts of a town. But "fringe" also describes groups or ideas that are outside the mainstream; people on the fringe are often seen as unusual or extreme. A politician might try to avoid support only from the political fringe and reach more moderate voters.

The word also has a common everyday meaning in British English: a fringe is the front part of the hair cut so that it hangs over the forehead. In American English, this is usually called "bangs." You can also hear it in "fringe benefit," which means an extra perk at work, like free coffee, health insurance, or extra vacation days.

The word "fringe" has several closely connected meanings, and they all carry the idea of being at the edge. In the most literal sense, it can mean the border or outer part of something. Sometimes that edge is made of loose hanging threads, as in the decorative fringe on a shawl, scarf, or rug. It can also mean the outer area of a place, as in the fringe of a forest or the fringe of a town. "The town was surrounded by a fringe of farmland."

Another very common meaning is social or political. "Fringe" can describe groups, ideas, or beliefs that sit outside the mainstream. Someone "on the fringe" is not part of the center of public opinion or accepted society. For example: "The political party attracted voters from the far-right fringe," meaning it appealed to people with more extreme views.

A common everyday use, especially in British English, is for hair. A fringe is the front section of hair cut to hang over the forehead. In American English, people usually say "bangs." This is one of the most frequent meanings learners will hear in daily conversation.

Beyond these main senses, "fringe" also appears in the phrase fringe benefit, which means an extra benefit that comes with a job in addition to pay. These are not the main part of the job offer, but they are valuable extras.

So whether you are talking about a decorative edge, the outer edge of a place, hair across the forehead, an unusual political movement, or a little extra from an employer, "fringe" usually points to something on the edge rather than at the center.