WordGarden.iomay
A1Pronunciation
UK
- /mˈeɪ/
US
- /ˈmeɪ/
Meanings
Auxiliary
used to say that something is possible
used to give, ask for, or describe permission
used to express a hope or wish
Proper-noun
the fifth month of the year
a feminine given name or surname
Beyond the definition
"May" is a versatile little word! It can politely ask for permission—"May I leave the table?"—or express a simple possibility—"It may rain tomorrow." Think of it as a gentler, more formal version of "can," often used when seeking authorization from someone else.
"May" also has a slightly old-fashioned feel when expressing wishes: "May all your dreams come true!" It is also often used to show that something is allowed, such as when a teacher says, "Students may use calculators on this exam." Keep an eye on the context: is someone asking for permission, talking about a possible result, or offering a wish?
The word "may" dances between expressing permission, possibility, and polite requests. It is a subtle but powerful helper in the English language that adds a layer of refinement to your speech.
At its heart, "may" signifies allowance. When you ask, "May I borrow your pen?" you are not simply asking if you are physically capable of picking it up; you are requesting permission from the owner. This is the classic distinction between "may" and "can"—while "can" focuses on ability, "may" emphasizes authorization and etiquette.
But "may" isn't just about asking nicely; it also whispers of possibility. When someone says, "It may snow tonight," they are not making a firm prediction; they are saying it is possible. The result is uncertain, but the chance exists. This usage is common in weather reports, scientific writing, and careful predictions.
Historically, "may" was frequently used in formal wishes and blessings—a tradition that lingers today in phrases like "May good fortune smile upon you." You will still find this usage in poetry, ceremonial settings, or heartfelt cards.
In legal or official contexts, "may" indicates that something is permitted but not mandatory. A rule stating, "Students may submit their assignments electronically," means they have the option to do so, but are not forced to. This contrasts with "must," which implies a requirement.
So, whether you are politely requesting a favor, cautiously predicting an outcome, offering a blessing, or outlining rules, "may" adds a layer of nuance and possibility to your language. It is a word that acknowledges both politeness and potential.
Examples
- 1
Permission
You may leave early if your work is finished.
- 2
Polite request
May I sit here?
- 3
Formal rule
Visitors may not take photos inside the museum.
- Usagemay not
are not allowed to, often in rules or formal instructions
- 4
Weather possibility
It may rain later, so bring a jacket.
More examplesFewer examples
- 5
Uncertain location
She may be at home, but I am not sure.
- 6
Time estimate
This may take longer than we expected.
- 7
Past possibility
They may have missed the last train.
- Patternmay have + past participle
it is possible that something happened
- 8
Negative possibility
The answer may not be correct.
- Patternmay not
it is possible that something is not true
- 9
Contrast
The apartment may be small, but it is very bright.
- Patternmay be ..., but ...
used to admit one thing before saying something more important
- 10
Strong probability
You may well be right.
- Phrasemay well
probably, or with good reason
- 11
No better choice
We missed the bus, so we may as well walk.
- Phrasemay as well
used when there is no better choice
- 12
Formal wish
May your new home bring you happiness.
- UsageMay ...
a formal way to express a wish
See also
Forms and spellings
2 forms open this card.
Main spelling
- mayverbnoun
Forms
- mightpast tenseverbnoun