afterward
B1Pronunciation
UK
- /ˈɑːftəwəd/
US
- /ˈæftərwərd/
Description
- later
- subsequently
- after that
"Afterward" simply means at some point after a specific event has ended. Think of it like finishing a delicious meal—afterward, you might do the dishes or relax with a book. It's a handy word to establish a timeline, signaling to your listener exactly what came next in the sequence. Instead of just jumping from one fact to another, it builds a bridge: "I finished my work, and afterward, I finally relaxed." It can even imply a subtle consequence, like, "He told a lie, and afterward, no one trusted him."
"Afterward" is an adverb used to indicate that something happened at a later time than a previously mentioned event. It is the perfect narrative tool for sequencing, acting as a connector between "Part A" and "Part B" of your story.
Think of it as a signal flag: you describe an event, and then use "afterward" to introduce the follow-up. For example: "The storm passed, and afterward, the sun shone brightly." It offers more specific direction than a simple "then"; it explicitly anchors the second event to the conclusion of the first.
Beyond just timing, "afterward" can imply a result or a lingering effect. Consider: "She studied hard for the exam, and afterward, she felt confident." Or, "The accident happened, and afterward, he was afraid to drive." In these cases, the feeling or action is directly tied to the previous event.
While similar to "later" (which is vague) or "subsequently" (which sounds formal and academic), "afterward" hits a sweet spot. It is polished enough for writing but natural enough for daily conversation. (You may also see afterwards, especially in British English; the meaning is the same.) It helps your audience understand not just what happened, but when it happened in relation to the main event. So, next time you're recounting an experience, remember "afterward" as your go-to link for showing what came next!
Examples
- 1
Later activity
We went out for lunch and walked around the city afterward.
- 2
Emotional reaction
She stayed calm during the argument, but she cried afterward.
- 3
After a task
If you need help with the form, come see me afterward.
- 4
Apology
He apologized afterward for leaving without saying goodbye.
Pattern
apologize for + action
say sorry about it
- 5
Short delay
Shortly afterward, the fire alarm went off and everyone had to leave the building.
Phrase
shortly afterward
a short time later
- 6
Later realization
Afterward, I realized I had been worrying about the wrong thing.
Forms and spellings
1 form open this card.
Main spelling
- afterwardadverb