WordGarden.iogerund
C2Pronunciation
UK
- /dʒˈɛrʌnd/
US
- /ˈdʒɛrənd/
Meanings
Noun
a verb form used as a noun
Beyond the definition
Imagine you love running. Not just the act of doing it right now, but running itself—the whole activity. When you say, "Running is my favorite hobby," that "running" isn't a verb describing what you're doing at this moment; it's acting like a thing, a noun! That's a gerund.
Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that work as nouns. They can be the subject of a sentence ("Swimming is good exercise."), the object ("He enjoys painting."), or come after a preposition ("She's skilled at cooking."). Think of it as a verb doing a noun's job. The word names the activity itself. A gerund is not the same as a present participle, as in "I am running," where the word shows an action in progress.
The word "gerund" might sound intimidating, but it simply refers to a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. It's like taking an action and turning it into a concept or a thing you can talk about.
Think about the sentence: "Reading makes me happy." Here, "reading" isn't describing something happening right now; it's the activity itself—the act of reading—that brings happiness. In this case, the gerund is acting as the subject of the sentence.
Gerunds are very flexible and can appear anywhere a noun can. You might say, "She is passionate about dancing," where "dancing" is the object of the preposition "about." Or, "My biggest fear is flying." Here, "flying" comes after the verb "is" and renames the subject.
It's important to distinguish gerunds from present participles. While both end in "-ing," a present participle functions as part of a continuous verb tense (like "I am reading") or as an adjective ("The running water sounded peaceful"). A gerund acts like a noun, while a present participle describes an action or a state.
So, whenever you use an "-ing" word to represent an activity as a thing—whether it's the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb, or part of a phrase—you're likely dealing with a gerund! It's all about how that word is functioning within the sentence.
Examples
- 1
After enjoy
Our teacher said we usually use a gerund after "enjoy," so "I enjoy reading" is correct.
- 2
Subject use
In "Walking is good exercise," "walking" is a gerund.
- 3
After prepositions
After a preposition, English often uses a gerund, as in "She apologized for being late."
- 4
Gerund vs infinitive
The hardest part of the test was choosing between a gerund and "to" + verb.
- Grammar"to" + verb
a form like "to go" or "to eat"
See also
Similar
- verbal noun
Shades of meaning
- nominalization
- -ing form
Contrast
- infinitive
- finite verb
Do not confuse
Used with (collocations)
- gerund phrase
Explore
- nonfinite verb
- gerund-participle
Forms and spellings
2 forms open this card.
Main spelling
- gerundnoun
Forms
- gerundspluralnoun