cumulative
B2Pronunciation
UK
- /kjˈuːmjʊlətˌɪv/
US
- /ˈkjumjələtɪv/
Description
- increasing
- adding up
- growing over time
- total so far
Think of building with LEGOs – as you add each brick, the tower's height is *cumulative, meaning it grows steadily with every addition. A cumulative effect happens when things build upon each other, like small daily habits leading to a massive result. It can also mean including everything up to a certain point; for example, a cumulative* list would contain every item mentioned from the very beginning until now.
If a younger sibling keeps pestering you throughout the day, your frustration builds with every incident – that is cumulative annoyance! Or imagine saving just a few dollars each week; over time, those savings grow into a significant, *cumulative* amount. Schools often use cumulative records to track everything from attendance to grades, building a complete picture of a student's progress over several years.
The word *cumulative* describes something that is built up gradually by the addition of new elements over time. It implies an increasing or growing effect, where each new piece adds to what came before. Think of it like a snowball rolling down a hill – it starts small, but it grows larger and faster as it accumulates more snow.
This concept applies in many different professional and academic contexts. In mathematics, *cumulative frequency refers to the total sum of all previous frequencies up to a specific point in a data set. Similarly, a cumulative* exam is one that covers all the material learned throughout an entire course, rather than just the most recent unit.
In everyday life, we often discuss *cumulative effects – small actions or events that seem insignificant on their own but lead to major consequences over time. For example, years of poor posture can have a cumulative impact on your back health. Likewise, a series of minor misunderstandings might create a cumulative* strain on a friendship.
The word also describes documents or data that include everything recorded up to a specific moment. A *cumulative report will list all the data collected since the start of a project, providing a bird's-eye view of progress. Ultimately, whether it's building something brick by brick or tracking a total over time, cumulative* describes anything that gains power or size through constant addition.
Examples
- 1
Small costs
Over time, the cumulative cost of small monthly fees became hard to ignore.
- 2
Scientific research
Scientists are studying the cumulative effect of long-term noise exposure.
- 3
Injury cause
The injury was the result of cumulative damage rather than a single accident.
- 4
Exam scope
In this class, the final exam is cumulative, so it covers everything from the semester.
Phrase
a cumulative exam
an exam that includes earlier material too
- 5
Competition scores
After six races, she had the highest cumulative score.
Forms and spellings
1 form open this card.
Main spelling
- cumulativeadjective