sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the rectum and the sigmoid colon, the S-shaped lower part of the large intestine. The word combines "sigmoid," referring to that part of the colon, and "-oscopy," meaning "to look inside." It is an important tool for finding polyps, checking bowel symptoms, and helping with the early detection of colorectal cancer.

During the procedure, a doctor inserts a thin tube called a sigmoidoscope into the rectum. It often has a light and camera, allowing the medical team to view the lining of the lower colon on a monitor. A small amount of air is usually introduced to open the passage and provide a clearer view of the intestinal walls. The procedure may be used for screening or to investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, ongoing abdominal pain, or noticeable changes in bowel habits.

Preparation typically involves emptying the lower bowel with an enema or, in some cases, a laxative shortly before the appointment. Some mild discomfort or a feeling of pressure is possible, but many patients report little pain. Because it focuses only on the lower segment, the procedure is generally faster and usually requires less preparation than a full colonoscopy.

If small growths called polyps are discovered, they can sometimes be removed during the procedure and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Finding problems early through procedures like this can improve treatment outcomes. While it may not be the most comfortable topic, sigmoidoscopy is a practical step toward protecting long-term digestive health.