microtubule

Microtubules are one of the main parts of the cytoskeleton, the internal framework that helps a cell keep its shape and carry out important jobs. They are hollow tubes made from a protein called tubulin. You can think of tubulin as the small building blocks that join together to make these tiny tubes.

These structures are not fixed in place. They can grow and shrink quickly depending on what the cell needs. That constant change is an important part of how they work. They also serve as tracks for motor proteins, which carry materials such as organelles and other cargo through the cell.

Microtubules are involved in many cell activities. They help support the cell's shape, move materials inside the cell, and form parts of cilia and flagella, which help some cells move or move fluid past them. They are also essential during cell division. In mitosis, they form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes so each daughter cell receives the correct set of genetic information.

Because they are so important in cell division, microtubules are targets for some cancer drugs, including Taxol. Researchers also study them in diseases where cell transport or cell structure is affected, including some nervous system disorders. Although they are far too small to see without a strong microscope, they are a basic part of life inside eukaryotic cells, helping with structure, transport, movement, and division.