clique

A clique is a relatively small group of people who share common interests, backgrounds, or characteristics, and who interact closely with one another. The word often carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting exclusivity and a tendency to exclude those outside the group. It implies a strong sense of belonging within the group, but also a potential for social barriers between them and others.

The term entered English in the early 18th century from French clique, and it has long been used for a close circle that “closes ranks.” While cliques can be harmless social groupings, they're often associated with high school dynamics where popularity and acceptance are paramount. However, you'll find cliques forming anywhere people gather regularly: book clubs that only accept certain kinds of readers, work teams that socialize exclusively outside of office hours, or even online gaming communities with strict membership requirements.

It's important to note the difference between a clique and simply a group of friends. A true clique is defined by its exclusivity; it actively maintains boundaries and can be resistant to outsiders. While everyone belongs to some kind of social group, the term "clique" often suggests a level of insularity that can feel unwelcoming or even intimidating. So, if you hear someone describe a situation as "dominated by cliques," expect a scene where belonging is highly valued and access isn't easily granted.